Uses of Topical Cyclosporine in Ophthalmology: A Review

Abstract

Topical cyclosporine A (CsA) has emerged as an effective treatment for various ocular surface diseases, particularly in managing inflammation-related conditions like dry eye disease (DED), allergic eye disorders, and post-surgical complications. This review synthesizes the current literature on the use of topical CsA in ophthalmology, highlighting its efficacy, safety, and potential applications. Key studies demonstrate that topical CsA, including formulations such as 0.05% CsA and newer cationic emulsions, significantly improves symptoms and clinical parameters in DED, reducing ocular inflammation and enhancing tear production. It is also beneficial in refractive surgery and cataract surgery, where it accelerates recovery and alleviates post-operative dry eye symptoms. In addition to DED, topical CsA has shown promise in treating other ocular inflammatory conditions, such as vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, and pterygium, particularly in steroid-resistant cases. While CsA is well-tolerated and effective, its use in preventing corneal graft rejection and managing other chronic ocular inflammations requires additional research to confirm its long-term benefits. Overall, topical CsA represents a versatile, non-invasive option for managing a wide range of ocular inflammatory conditions, offering a safe and effective treatment alternative for many patients.