Clinical Study of Prevalence and Risk Factors for Cataract in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Aims and Objectives: Aim: To study the prevalence and risk factors associated with cataract in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Objectives: To study the prevalence of cataract in T2DM. To assess the correlation of age, gender, duration of diabetes and level of blood glucose (HbA1c/RBS) with the development of cataract.
Methods: An observational cross-sectional study conducted over a duration of 12 months. A complete medical history and detailed local and systemic examination were obtained. RBS, FBS, PPBS and HbA1c were measured. Cataract was graded using the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III).
Results: 50 patients with cataract and 50 without cataract were enrolled; all were known cases of diabetes mellitus, with or without medication. The prevalence of cataract of any type in T2DM patients was 45%. Of these, the majority had mixed cataract (29%) and 16% had a monotype cataract. Cataract was more common among females (57.8%), in patients with a longer duration of diabetes (>10 years; 71.1%) and in older patients.
Conclusions: T2DM patients with cataract were significantly older (P<0.001), more likely to be female (P=0.12) and had a longer duration of diabetes (P<0.001). Prevalence of cataract of any type was 45%; 29% had mixed cataract and 16% had monotype cataract.